It’s now been almost two years since I first read Siddhartha (1922), and I can still confidently say it is one of my favourite books and will be for quite some time. Herman Hesse was known for writing semi autobiographical novels, and this one is no exception, the character Siddhartha is even recognised for his writing ability at one stage of the novel. Siddhartha is heavily influenced by Hesse’s close relationship with the great Swisse psychologist Carl Jung, and it is a treat to experience the archetypal imagery that Hesse brings to life with sheer mastery. The novel reads like an old mythic tale, told with simple descriptive prose, and playful dialogue: the characters even refer to themselves in the third person!
The book is divided into three parts that symbolically follow Siddhartha’s birth, death, and rebirth. The Siddhartha in the novel is not related to the Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha), but he exists in the same time as him, and the two cross paths in the book. Even though they are unrelated, and the story hasn’t much to do with the Buddha, the novel implies that the Buddha exists everywhere and in everyone and is merely a representation of the enlightenment available to anyone, at any moment. Whether it be at the moment of physical death, sickness, wealth, sadness, or simply holding and looking at a rock, one is capable of ‘waking up’ and seeing the inter connectedness of everything.
I won’t elaborate further on the book as I would hate to subtract any of your enjoyment out of reading it yourself, and if you haven’t yet, I urge you to, after all it’s only 80 pages. One important thing to consider before reading it however, is the translation. The original was written in German, so the translation of the book can make or break it. Some translations are really poor, while others capture the essence of the novel gracefully. Below is an extract of the book, spanning all (or at least most) of the English translations available to you, to help you choose the right version for you. I’ve ordered them in order of best to worst, though you might have a different opinion to me.
Comparison of Siddhartha’s Many Faces
(English Translations)
1. Dover Thrift, introduction, translation and glossary of Indian terms by Stanley Appelbaum (1998)
Instructed by the samana elder, Siddhartha practiced denial of self; he practiced concentration in accordance with new samana rules. A heron flew over the bamboo forest -and Siddhartha absorbed the heron into his soul; he flew over forest and mountain, he was the heron, he ate fish, he hungered with a heron’s hunger, he spoke with a heron’s croaking, he died a heron’s death. A dead jackal lay on the sandy riverbank, and Siddhartha’s soul slipped into the carcass; he was a dead jackal, he lay on the sand, he swelled up, stank, rotted, was torn apart by hyenas, was skinned by vultures, became a skeleton, turned to dust, blew away into the fields. And Siddhartha’s soul returned; it had died, it had rotted, it had fallen into dust, it had tasted the dismal intoxication of the cycle of existences; filled with fresh thirst, like a hunter it was awaiting the gap through which it might escape the cycle, where causation would come to an end, where sorrowless eternity began. He mortified his senses, he mortified his power to remember, he stole out of his ego and into a thousand unfamiliar forms of creation; he was an animal, he was a carcass, he was stone, he was wood, he was water, and each time, upon awakening, he found himself again; the sun or the moon was shining; he was himself once again, he was moving through the cycle; he felt thirst, overcame his thirst, felt fresh thirst.
Instructed by the eldest of the Samanas, Siddhartha practiced the eradication of ego, practiced samadhi according to new Samana rules. A heron flew over the bamboo forest—and Siddhartha received the heron into his soul, flew over forests and mountains, was heron, ate fish, felt the pangs of heron hunger, spoke in heron squawks, died heron death. A dead jackal lay on the sandy bank, and Siddhartha’s soul slipped into the corpse, was dead jackal, lay on the beach, grew bloated, stank, decayed, was torn apart by hyenas and flayed by vultures, became a skeleton, became dust, blew into the fields. And Siddhartha’s soul returned, it had died, had decayed, become dust, it had tasted the bleak euphoria of the cyclical journey, and then, freshly thirsty, it waited crouching like a hunter for the gap in the cycle where escape was possible, where the end of causality began, an eternity free of sorrow. He killed off his senses, he killed off his memory, he slipped from his Self to enter a thousand new shapes, was animal, was cadaver, was stone, was wood, was water, and each time he awakened he found himself once more, the sun would be shining, or else the moon, and he was once more a Self oscillating in the cycle, he felt thirst, overcame the thirst, felt new thirst.
Taught by the eldest shramana, Siddhartha practiced self-abnegation, practiced meditative absorption according to the new instructions of the shramanas. A heron flew over the bamboo grove, and Siddhartha became one with the heron in his mind, flew over forest and mountain, became a heron, ate fish, hungered with a heron’s hunger, spoke a heron’s croaking languages, died a heron’s death. There was a dead jackal lying on the sandy bank, and Siddhartha’s mind slipped into the carcass, became a dead jackal, lay on the shore, swelled up, stank, rotted, was torn to pieces by hyenas, flayed by vultures, became a skeleton, became dust, blew about in the fields. And Siddhartha’s mind returned, dead, rotten, reduced to dust, having tasted the dark drunkenness of the cycle of existence. With a new craving it lay in wait like a hunter for the gap where that cycle could be escaped, where the end of causation could begin, eternity without suffering. He slipped out of his ego into a thousand alien forms, became a beast, carrion, became stone, wood, water—yet each time when he awoke he found himself there again. By sunshine or by moonlight, he was once again ego, was pressed back into the cycle, felt craving, overcame the craving, felt craving anew.
Instructed by the eldest of the Samanas, Siddhartha practiced self-denial and meditation according to the Samana rules. A heron flew over the bamboo wood and Siddhartha took the heron into his soul, flew over forest and mountains, became a heron, ate fishes, suffered heron hunger, used heron language, died a heron’s death. A dead jackal lay on the sandy shore and Siddhartha’s soul slipped into its corpse; he became a dead jackal, lay on the shore, swelled, stank, decayed, was dismembered by hyenas, was picked at by vultures, became a skeleton, became dust, mingled with the atmosphere. And Siddhartha’s soul returned, died, decayed, turned into dust, experienced the troubled course of the life cycle. He waited with new thirst like a hunter at a chasm where the life cycle ends, where there is an end to causes, where painless eternity begins. He killed his senses, he killed his memory, he slipped out of his Self in a thousand different forms. He was animal, carcass, stone, wood, water, and each time he reawakened. The sun or moon shone, he was again Self, swung into the life cycle, felt thirst, conquered thirst, felt new thirst.
Taught by the eldest of the samanas, Siddhartha practiced unselfing, practiced meditation, according to the samana rules. A heron flew over the bamboo forest—and Siddhartha took the heron into his soul, flew over forests and mountains, was a heron, ate fish, hungered heron hunger, spoke heron croaking, died heron death. A dead jackal lay on the sandy bank, and Siddhartha’s soul slipped into the cadaver, was a dead jackal, lay on the shore, swelled, stank, rotted, was shredded by hyenas, was skinned by vultures, became a skeleton, became dust, wafted into the fields. And Siddhartha’s soul returned, was dead, was rotted, was dispersed, had tasted the dismal drunkenness of the cycle of life, waited in new thirst like a hunter, waited for the gap through which he could escape the cycle, where the end of causes came, where painless eternity began. He killed his senses, he killed his memory, he slipped from his ego into a thousand different formations. He was animal, was carcass, was rock, was wood, was water, and he always found himself again upon awakening. Sun was shining or moon, he was self again, swinging in the cycle, felt thirst, overcame thirst, felt new thirst.
Instructed by the eldest of the shramanas, Siddhartha practiced moving away from the self, practiced meditation, following new rules, the shramanas’ rules. A heron flew over the bamboo forest—and Siddhartha took the heron into his soul, flew over the forest and the mountains, was the heron, gobbled fish, hungered as a heron hungers, spoke heron croak, died the death of a heron. A dead jackal lay on the sandy shore, and Siddhartha’s soul slid inside its corpse, became the dead jackal, lay on the strand, swelled up, stank, putrefied, was dismembered by the hyenas, skinned by vultures, became bones, dust, blew in open country. And Siddhartha’s soul died, decayed, turned to dust, tasted the muddy rush of the cycle, waiting in new thirst like a hunter for the gap where the cycle would be escaped, where the end of causes, where eternity free of suffering would begin. He mortified his senses, he slew his memory, he slid out of his I into a thousand alien shapes, became beast, carrion, stone, wood, water, and found himself every time awakening again, in the light of the sun or the moon, again he was I, whirling around in the round, he felt thirst, conquered thirst, felt thirst anew.
The same paragraph in Hesse’s original German (if you’re lucky enough to be able to read German)
Vom Ältesten der Samanas belehrt, übte Siddhartha Entselbstung, übte Versenkung, nach neuen Samanaregeln. Ein Reiher flog überm Bambuswald–und Siddhartha nahm den Reiher in seine Seele auf, flog über Wald und Gebirg, war Reiher, frass Fische, hungerte Reiherhunger, sprach Reihergekrächz, starb Reihertod. Ein toter Schakal lag am Sandufer, und Siddharthas Seele schluüpfte in den Leichnam hinein, war toter Schakal, lag am Strande, blähte sich, stank, verweste, ward von Hyaenen zerstückt, ward von Geiern enthäutet, ward Gerippe, ward Staub, wehte ins Gefild. Und Siddharthas Seele kehrte zurück, war gestorben, war verwest, war zerstäubt, hatte den trüben Rausch des Kreislaufs geschmeckt, harrte in neuem Durst wie ein Jäger auf die Lücke, wo dem Kreislauf zu entrinnen wäre, wo das Ende der Ursachen, wo leidlose Ewigkeit begänne. Er tötete seine Sinne, er tötete seine Erinnerung, er schlüpfte aus seinem Ich in tausend fremde Gestaltungen, war Tier, war Aas, war Stein, war Holz, war Wasser, und fand sich jedesmal erwachend wieder, Sonne schien oder Mond, war wieder Ich, schwang im Kreislauf, fühlte Durst, überwand den Durst, fühlte neuen Durst.
If you’ve read Siddhartha then please share your thoughts, and let me know which translation you’ve read. If you haven’t read it, then take your pick from the above translations, find it, buy it, read it, and then get back to me!
A Quick Taste of the Book
Opening Paragraph:
‘In the shadow of the house, in the sunshine of the riverbank by the boats, in the shadow of the sal-tree forest, in the shadow of the fig tree, Siddhartha grew up, the handsome son of the Brahman, the young falcon, together with Govinda his friend, the Brahman’s son’ (p. 1)
Memorable Passage:
‘Siddhartha learned something new with every step of his journey, for the world was transformed and his heart was under an enchantment. He saw the sun rise above the wooded mountains and set above the distant palm-bordered beach. At night he saw the stars patterned in the sky, and the moon’s sickle floating in the blue like a boat. He saw trees, stars, animals, clouds, rainbows, cliffs, plants, flowers, brook and river, the flashing of dew on the bushes in the morning, distant, tall mountains blue and pale; birds sang and bees buzzed, the wind blew silvery in the rice paddies. All this, multiple and diversified, had always been there, the sun and moon had always shone, rivers had always roared and bees had buzzed, but in earlier days all this had been nothing to Siddhartha but a transitory, deceptive veil before his eyes, looked upon with mistrust, only existing in order to be penetrated and annihilated by thought’ (p. 25)
★★★★★ 5 stars